| Anolyte |
Chlorine |
Chloramine |
Ozone |
Ultra-Violet |
|
1.
Strong disinfectant/oxidizing agent |
++++ |
++++ |
++ |
++++ |
++ |
2.Provides
residual effects |
++++ |
++++ |
++++ |
none |
variable |
3.Effective
against bacteria, viruses,fungus, spores, cysts ( Giardia,
Cryptosporidium) |
++++ |
++++ |
++
(poor effects on viruses & cysts. Prolong contact
time from disinfection) |
++++ |
variable
(inactive against cysts) |
4.
Eliminates bad taste/odors |
yes |
variable |
yes |
yes |
no |
5.
Significantly reduces biofilm levels |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
6.Toxic
residual products |
no |
yes
(chloroform) |
yes
(nitrogen containing byproducts) |
yes |
no |
7.
Acute/Chronic water toxicity |
none |
yes
(in case of leakage) |
yes |
yes |
no |
8.
Costs (operational, power consumption, technical training,
etc.) |
low |
low |
low |
higher
(equipment) |
higher
(equipment) |
9.Transportation/Storage
problems |
none |
high |
high |
none |
none |
| Disinfectant | Description |
| Chlorine | Used in a gaseous state, requires strictest safety measures |
Chlorine - containing substances |
|
| Hypochlorite | Used in liquid and granulated forms (trade concentration - 10-20%), can be obtained on site, electrochemically |
| Chlorine dioxide | On-site generation only. The most effective disinfectant and strongest oxidation agent among all chlorine-containing ones |
| Chloramine | Formed during the reaction of ammonium with active chlorine. It is used as a disinfectant of a prolonged activity |
Alternative substances |
|
| Ozone | Has been used for several decades in some of European countries for the purpose of disinfection, elimination of color, for the taste and odor control |
| Ultraviolet | Explosure of water to UV rays capable of killing various types of microorganisms |
Electrochemical activation |
|
| Anolyte | Electrochemical activation of brine solution in a membrane electrolyser |
|